Titubas Journey Essays - Salem Witch Trials, Tituba, Salem

Tituba's Journey Every person has a journey that they must travel throughout their life to help discover themselves and the world around them. In Maryse Conde's I, Tituba, Black Witch of Salem, the character Tituba has a journey that takes her from Barbados to Boston and back to Barbados. At each stage of her journey she discovers something about herself and the society that she is in. The first stage in Tituba's journey is in Barbados where she learns the secrets of healing and magic. Under Mama Yaya's guidance, Tituba is taught these mystical powers which play an important role in how she sees herself. Tituba sees herself as a healer and wants to use her magical powers to help people. She states, ? I was born to heal, not to frighten? (12). Tituba does not seem to understand why people would be scared of her. Tituba feels that she should be admired and revered, not feared. ?They should have greeted me with shouts of joy and welcome? Tituba must be loved! To think that I scared people? (12). Tituba discovers that she is willing to give up her freedom in order to be with the man she wants. She will have to live among white men again and that means they will govern her once more. Tituba knows this is a weakness on her behalf, but she cannot stop herself from wanting to be with John Indian. Even though white men have cause her parents' deaths, she declares ?Despite all that, I was considering living among white men again, in their midst, under their domination. And all because of an uncontrollable desire for a mortal man. Wasn't it madness? (19)? Tituba realizes that she is following her heart instead of her head, but she is defenseless when it comes to her feeling for John Indian. Tituba finds that the society in Barbados is oppressive towards Blacks. The majority of Blacks are slaves and forced to adapted to the Europeans version of what they consider civilization. The blacks are treated like they do not exist. Tituba says, ?You would think I wasn't standing there?They were talking about me and yet ignoring me. They were striking me off the map of human beings. I was a nonbeing?Tituba only existed insofar as these women let her exist? (24). They had to convert to Christianity and were left with no identities of their own. The second stage of Tituba's expedition is when she is in Boston. She discovers the hard lesson of not always trusting the people closest to you. Tituba grows very close to her new mistress Goodwife Parris and her daughter Betsey and Tituba even uses her mystical powers on them to protect them from getting sick. In return, they accuse her of being a witch and trying to hurt Betsey and other young girls. Tituba was very native about her situation and never thought someone she cared about would betray her that way. Tituba states, ?I had already heard these words or else read them in what people were thinking . But I never imagined they would come from the lips of someone so dear to me? (77). When Tituba is in jail, she become conscious of her hidden strength in herself to survive and return to Barbados. Tituba discovers that the Puritans in Boston are very self-righteous. They believe that everyone should follow their religion in Boston and if you do not they force you out. The Puritans believe that if your different, you are damned and for all their belief in God their punishments are very severe. The Puritans were not only at odds with blacks, but also with Jews. Tituba learned of the hardships of the Jews through Benjamin Cohen d'Azevedo when he was her master. Benjamin was accepting of Tituba and Tituba was tolerant of Benjamin. The Puritans did not feel this way. ?What are those who govern us thinking of? Did we leave England for this? To see Jews and niggers multiply in our midst? (132)? Those were the opinions the Puritans felt towards people who were diverse. The third stage of Tituba's journey brings her back to Barbados. In Barbados, Tituba discovers the happiness and peace that she was

Free Essays on Roe vs Wade

There were many cases in History that have marked milestones on today’s society. There were some that have changed the way a lot of things were run in this world according to the constitution. I am a woman so the one case that is marked in my mind would have to be the Supreme Court case, Roe vs Wade. The legal case, decided in 1973 by the U.S. Supreme Court, that held restrictive state regulation of abortion to be unconstitutional. It was a 7–2 vote the Supreme Court upheld the lower court's decision that a Texas statute criminalizing abortion in most instances violated a woman's constitutional right of privacy, which the court found implicit in the liberty guarantee of the Due Process Clause of the Fourteenth Amendment. This meant that the women indeed did have a right to choose their future. The case began in 1970 when Jane Roe (a fictional name used to protect the identity of Norma McCorvey) instituted federal action against Henry Wade, the district attorney of Dallas county, Texas, where Roe resided. The court disagreed with Roe's assertion of an absolute right to terminate pregnancy in any way and at any time and attempted to balance a woman's right of privacy with a state's interest in regulating abortion. The court stated that only a â€Å"compelling state interest† justifies regulations limiting â€Å"fundamental rights† such as: privacy and that legislators must therefore draw statutes narrowly â€Å"to express the legitimate state interests at stake.† The court then attempted to balance the state's distinct compelling interests in the health of pregnant women and in the potential life of fetuses. It placed the point after which a state's compelling interest in the pregnant woman's health would allow it to regulate abortion â€Å"at approxim ately the end of the first trimester† of pregnancy. With regard to fetuses, the court located that point at â€Å"capability for meaningful life outside the mother's womb,† or viabili... Free Essays on Roe vs Wade Free Essays on Roe vs Wade There were many cases in History that have marked milestones on today’s society. There were some that have changed the way a lot of things were run in this world according to the constitution. I am a woman so the one case that is marked in my mind would have to be the Supreme Court case, Roe vs Wade. The legal case, decided in 1973 by the U.S. Supreme Court, that held restrictive state regulation of abortion to be unconstitutional. It was a 7–2 vote the Supreme Court upheld the lower court's decision that a Texas statute criminalizing abortion in most instances violated a woman's constitutional right of privacy, which the court found implicit in the liberty guarantee of the Due Process Clause of the Fourteenth Amendment. This meant that the women indeed did have a right to choose their future. The case began in 1970 when Jane Roe (a fictional name used to protect the identity of Norma McCorvey) instituted federal action against Henry Wade, the district attorney of Dallas county, Texas, where Roe resided. The court disagreed with Roe's assertion of an absolute right to terminate pregnancy in any way and at any time and attempted to balance a woman's right of privacy with a state's interest in regulating abortion. The court stated that only a â€Å"compelling state interest† justifies regulations limiting â€Å"fundamental rights† such as: privacy and that legislators must therefore draw statutes narrowly â€Å"to express the legitimate state interests at stake.† The court then attempted to balance the state's distinct compelling interests in the health of pregnant women and in the potential life of fetuses. It placed the point after which a state's compelling interest in the pregnant woman's health would allow it to regulate abortion â€Å"at approxi mately the end of the first trimester† of pregnancy. With regard to fetuses, the court located that point at â€Å"capability for meaningful life outside the mother's womb,† or viabili...

Public safety debate Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Public safety debate - Research Paper Example There is a growing concern among the human rights group regarding the morality of such stringent punishments as a means to deter crime. However regardless of such public outcry against the immorality of death penalty, and the violation of human and civil rights it continues to be implemented in different parts of the world. In the wake of high-profile international cases such as terrorism and war crimes which are continuously on the rise which threatens to disrupt the social fabric of the society, capital punishment or death penalties have garnered more support bringing the topic back to public consciousness. Historically, diverse forms of punishment which were implemented to ensure law and order in society have been influenced by a range of factors including social, economic, political as well as cultural, regardless of its impact on the outcome (Strange, 1996; Garland, McGown, and Meranze, 2011; Pate, Laurie, and Gould, 2012). Thus the issue of capital punishment is not merely rest ricted to legal issues but extends far beyond that and the only crucial question that looms large is the one concerning its moral legitimacy rather than its efficacy. It has been often observed that with respect to issues aimed at questioning the legality, efficacy and credibility of policymaking process and its implementation, opinions are often sharply divided and staunch supporters as well as opponents exist that defying the claims made and weakening the arguments put forward by the rivals on either end of the spectrum (Weiss, 1991; Majone, 1989). The literature supporting and dismissing the credibility of capital punishment is on the rise; pointing to opposing conclusions, which itself acts a barrier preventing the formation of an informed public opinion. Some such discussions are included hereunder: Death penalty as a crime deterrent: Proponents of death penalty argue that the threat of punishment acts a deterrent to criminal offenders and prevents them from committing crime. I t attracts large scale public disapproval and has a serious impact on their attitudes towards the criminals thus affecting the morality of those convicted of serious crimes. There is large amount of literature which provides empirical evidence regarding the effectiveness of criminal punishment as an effective crime deterrent. Researchers have argued that the fear of such harsh punishment instills a fear of execution among the people and hence results in the reduction of homicides (Dezhbakhsh, Rubin, and Shepherd 2003; Mocan and Gittings 2003; Shepherd 2004; Zimmerman 2004; Shepherd 2005). Furthermore it has also been argued that the threat of punishment induces compliant behavior among the public which results in following the law by the citizens as a matter of habit, thus successfully establishing a natural law and order in the society and safeguarding the well-being and security of the citizens in the process (Siegel, 2012). However contrary to such claims, it has been observed by various researchers that most criminals are unyielding to harsher punishments either due to their ignorance regarding the perceived risk associated with the crimes and the severity of the punishment or their complete lack of knowledge regarding the consequences of their actions (Siegel, 2010; Brody & Acker, 2011). The proponents of death

Art and Society in the 19th Century. Compare and contrast different Assignment

Art and Society in the 19th Century. Compare and contrast different portraits of Queen Victoria in the nineteenth century - Assignment Example The motive for Fenton’s choice of this moment was that photographic methods widely used when they wedded in 1840 implied that there were extremely long exposure periods (Plunkett, 2003). Fenton took this photo in 1854 to imply that the exposure periods decreased substantially. Scholars and historians argue that Winterhalter’s charm, high-end style, and successful ability to catch a good resemblance often pushed Victoria to support Winterhalter’s artistry. This support is evident in the portrait â€Å"The Family of Queen Victoria† by Franz Xaver Winterhalter, which is also filled with symbolic significance (Plunkett, 2003). In numerous ways, this painting is the same as Fenton’s photograph â€Å"Queen Victoria and Prince Albert at Buckingham Palace.† This is because both pictures feminize Queen Victoria’s position (Plunkett,

Cupcake Leavening Methods Essay Example for Free

Cupcake Leavening Methods Essay I have found three that I will test in order to find which produces the fluffiest, or least dense, batch of cupcakes. They allow for a greater leavening, or increase of volume of baking dough caused by the formation of gas bubbles. The methods to create this effect on the cupcakes are using egg whites only, mixing each ingredient separately before adding them to the mixture, and adding a teaspoon of corn starch to the mix. Eggs are a necessary ingredient to nearly any baked good. However, the two parts of the egg, the yolk and the white, have very different compositions. Egg yolks are high in fat, while the whites contain a great amount of protein. Fats interfere with the proteins ability to form bonds and trap air, keeping them from becoming as fluffy as they could be. However, whipping egg whites on their own mixes air into the whites and disarranges their protein molecules. The protein molecules are usually in clusters. Whipping causes them to stretch out and link together, trapping the air into tiny bubbles. Thus, using the egg whites on their own allows the proteins to whip up to their fullest potential height. A simpler method of decreasing the density of a batch of cupcakes is to mix each ingredient separately before adding them all together. By putting all dry ingredients into a bowl and whisking them until there are no lumps you are lightening the cake mix. Also, one should mix the eggs before their addition because this adds many small bubbles to them, which will cause bubbles to also be in the cupcakes, thereby making them light and fluffy. Finally, it is said that adding a teaspoon of cornstarch to your cupcakes before baking them will allow for extra lightness. Cornstarch is made from the endosperm of corn or wheat. It is used in baking as a leavening agent. It includes starch, which absorbs moisture and lets the little bubbles to form more easily in the batter during baking. Cornstarch does not contain any gluten, which is a strong and stretchy protein that gives baked goods a very solid structure. As temperature rises while the cupcakes bake, the cornstarch cause gas molecules to move farther apart, thus expanding air cells. This reaction will give the cupcakes the desired fluffiness. An important part of my experimentation will be determining the density of each cupcake. The formula for finding density is Density=Mass/Volume. In order to find the density, however, I must first find the mass and volume. Using a triple beam balance I can find the mass, but the volume will be more complicated. I have determined that the easiest way to calculate the volume would be to hypothetically separate each cupcake into thin segments by increments of approximately one centimeter. Then, I will have many approximate cylinders sitting on top of each other. Next, all I must do is measure the circumference of each cylinder, use that number to calculate the radius, and input that radius into the formula for finding the volume of a cylinder: Volume=? *radius^2*height. By adding the volume of each cylinder I can find the volume of the entire cupcake. I will do this to each cupcake in each batch and use the volume to determine the densities. Then, the batch with the lowest average density of cupcake is the one with the most effective method. Using all this research, I have hypothesized that the cornstarch will do the greatest amount of leavening.

Most historians recognise 1917 as the year in which the Harlem :: English Literature:

Most historians recognise 1917 as the year in which the Harlem renaissance began. The Harlem Renaissance. Today most historians recognise 1917 as the year in which the Harlem renaissance began. Three events lead to this. First was the publication of two poems by Claude McKay. Second was the opening on Broadway of three plays about black life by a white writer, Ridgely Thomas. These plays were remarkable not only because they were performed by black artists but because they contained none of the usual racial stereotypes. Finally, on the 28th of July Harlem experienced its first silent parade when ten to fifteen thousand blacks marched down 5th Avenue to protest against continued racial inequities. However the rich surge in African American arts and letters that took place around the 1920’s was not limited to just Harlem, nor even to New York City. Although, the intensity of the movement was in that city, and the sheer number of black writers, musicians, and scholars who lived and worked in Harlem has ensured that it is linked with the era. To understand the Harlem Renaissance it is necessary to appreciate both the changes that occurred within the African community and the cultural shifts that took place in American society as a whole during the 1920’s. For blacks the years during and after World War one were ones of increased militancy and racial pride. Phillip Randolph was struggling to organise black workers and a national campaign was actively promoting federal antilynching legislation. Although white society did not take these political movements particularly seriously, it did give considerable recognition to the large number of black writers, musicians and scholars who were emerging simultaneously. These figures being people like, Countee Cullen, James Weldon, Zora Neale Hurston, Wallace Thurman and Jean Toomer. All lived in Harlem and Langston Hughes described the area as a â€Å"great magnet for the negro intellectual, pulling him from everywhere.† Yet Harlem was a magnet not only for blacks, but also for whites eager to experience for themselves the glamour and escapism that its night-clubs seemed to promise. In many ways Harlem became a national symbol of the Jazz Age, a complete antithesis of Main Street and everything that the artists and cultural critics of the 1920’s rejected. Many Observers, black and white, hoped that this outburst of literary and artistic talent would help to ensure greater acceptance of blacks by American Society.

Pelabur’s Pizza Mini Case †Capital Structure Decision

a) Repurchase of stock=RM15x100000shares=RM1500000 Equity after repurchase of stock=repurchase of stock-amount borrowed Scenario |Amount borrowed(RM) |Equity after repurchase of stock(RM) | |1 |0 |1500000-0=1500000 | |2 |187500 |1500000-187500=1312500 | |3 |375000 |1125000 | |4 |562500 |937500 | |5 |750000 |750000 | |6 |937500 |562500 | |7 |1125000 |375000 | b) Weight of equity=(equity after repurchase of stock/repurchase of stock) x100% Weight of debt + weight of equity=100% |Scenario |Weight of debt(%) |Weight of equity(%) | |1 |100-100=0 |1500000/1500000 x100%=100. | |2 |100-87. 5=12. 5 |1312500/1500000 x100%=87. 5 | |3 |25. 0 |75. 0 | |4 |37. 5 |62. 5 | |5 |50. 0 |50. 0 | |6 |62. 5 |37. 5 | |7 |75. 0 |25. | c) After-tax cost of debt=pre-tax cost of debt x (1-T) =(prime rate + risk premium)x(1-T) |Scenario |Prime rate(%) |Risk premium(%) |Tax(%) |After-tax cost of debt(%) | |1 |5 |2. 0 |40 |(5%+2%)x(1-0. 4)=4. 2 | |2 |5 |2. 0 |40 |(5%+2%)x(1-0. 4)=4. 2 | |3 |5 |2. 5 |40 |4. | |4 |5 |3. 5 |40 |5. 1 | |5 |5 |5. 0 |40 |6. 0 | |6 |5 |7. 0 |40 |7. 2 | |7 |5 |10. 0 |40 |9. 0 | d) CAPM=Krf+(RPm)? , Krf=4% , RPm=8% |Scenario |Subjective beta, ? CAPM(%) | |1 |2. 0 |4%+8%(2. 0)=20. 0 | |2 |2. 1 |4%+8%(2. 1)=20. 8 | |3 |2. 3 |22. 4 | |4 |2. 5 |24. 0 | |5 |2. 9 |27. 2 | |6 |3. 3 |30. 4 | |7 |3. 7 |33. | e) WACC=WdKd+WsKs |Scenario |Wd(%) |Ws(%) |Kd(%) |Ks(%) |WACC(%) | |1 |0 |100. 0 |4. 2 |20. 0 |0(0. 042)+1(0. 2)=20. 00 | |2 |12. 5 |87. 5 |4. 2 |20. 8 |0. 125(0. 042)+0. 875(0. 208)=18. 73 | |3 |25. 0 |75. 0 |4. 5 |22. 4 |17. 93 | |4 |37. 5 |62. 5 |5. 1 |24. |16. 91 | |5 |50. 0 |50. 0 |6. 0 |27. 2 |16. 60 | |6 |62. 5 |37. 5 |7. 2 |30. 4 |15. 90 | |7 |75. 0 |25. 0 |9. 0 |33. 6 |15. 15 | f) Shares repurchased=amount borrowed/repurchased stock price per share Remaining shares outstanding=shares outstanding (old)-shares repurchased Scenario |Shares outstanding |Shares repurchased |Remaining shares outstanding | |1 |100000 |RM0/RM15=0 |100000-0=100000 | |2 |100000 |RM187500/RM15=12500 |100000-12500=87500 | |3 |100000 |25000 |75000 | |4 |100000 |37500 |62500 | |5 |100000 |50000 |50000 | |6 |100000 |62500 |37500 | |7 |100000 |75000 |25000 | g) Total asset=Earning(net income)/WACC otal equity=total assets-total liabilities Interest expense=amount borrowed x interest rate(prime rate + risk premium) |Scenario |1 | |1 |300000/100000=3. 00 | |2 |292125/87500=3. 34 | |3 |3. 78 | |4 |4. 34 | |5 |5. 0 | |6 |6. 20 | |7 |7. 95 | h) There are two main types of financing for a business which are debt or equity financing. Debt financing is describe as the type of financing we receive from a traditional bank loan and equity financing is describes as the financing we receive from venture capital into our business from outside investors.Therefore, the benefit of debt financing is refer to it’s limited in amount and we will pay down the debt over time to a zero sum balance without any further obligation to the lender and the down stroke to debt fin ancing is to define that traditional lenders will take a hard look at our business including how long it has been in existence, income from operation, expenses and it will require hard assets for collateral for the loan. Moreover, those lenders will most certainly want us to personally guarantee for the repayments of the loan. Another disadvantage of debt financing is that our organization will be burdened with some other type of regular payment which is usually a monthly payment which depending on the terms and conditions of the financing and this can absorbs critical cash flow, especially those individual or partners with small business.Besides that, the benefit of equity financing or venture capital is that we will be also receiving money in exchange for equity in our business in the form of stock or some other form of equity like percentage of income or gross net sales. A fundamental benefit of this type of the equity financing is to define there is no monthly payment requiremen t to investors. Instead, we are giving up ownership interest, most often, permanently. Furthermore, the traditional lenders, banks for example, will look at our business much slightly different than venture capitalist. Bankers want a zero-risk or near-zero risk position when they provide financing and will rely almost completely on the operating economics of the business with little regard for potential future growth.Thus, they want to see strong cash flow backed up by hard assets before they do a deal with the ingredients that most small business lack or they wouldn’t be seeking for financing. Eventually, the venture capitalist is on the other hand which they tend to consider the management team and the potential future growth of the business more heavily than actual operating numbers, especially for those with small business with large potential but few sales and little or no operating history. Although these two types of lender is vary in their approaching to analyzing a b usiness for funding, we can also be sure that careful examination of our business will be conducted.